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Objective@#To analyze the computed tomography(CT) features and clinical outcomes of renal epithelioid angiomyolipoma(EAML).@*Methods@#From January 2004 to June 2015, 17 patients with EAML in the Second People′s Hospital of Lianyungang and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital were included in the study.All patients underwent CT examination.The patients' general data, imaging characteristics and pathologic features were determined by chart review.@*Results@#Nine patients underwent radical nephrectomy, and 8 patients underwent partial nephrectomy.The mean maximal tumor diameter was 6.1 cm (ranged 1.2-12.5 cm). The fat component of one lesion was detected by CT.On unenhanced CT, the intratumoral attenuations were hyperattenuating in 9 patients, isoattenuating in 1 patient and hypoattenuating in 7 patients.The contrast enhancement degree was mild in 1 patient, moderate in 6 patients and marked in 10 patients.The contrast enhancement pattern was homogeneous in 8 lesions and heterogeneous in 9 lesions.All patients were positive for melanoma(12 cases were positive for HMB-45, 3 cases were positive for melan A, and 2 cases were positive for both). The mean follow-up period was 28.5 months (ranged 2-126 months), and 15 patients were alive with no evidence of disease at the time of the last follow-up, 1 patient exhibited local recurrence and lung metastases, and another 1 patient developed distant metastasis.@*Conclusion@#Renal EAML has a range of imaging appearances.Our data suggested that the majority of the tumors (size 10 cm) were solid and had a tendency to be hyperattenuating on unenhanced CT images.Hemorrhaging or necrosis was observed in tumors with sizes≥10cm with heterogeneous enhancement.In contrast to classic AML, which is benign, EAML is potentially malignant and exhibits aggressive clinical features, including local recurrence and distant metastasis.
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Objective To evaluate the value of removing intracranial lipiodol by fat emulsion injection.Methods Twelve rabbits were randomly divided into two groups,control group(n=6) and experimental group(n=6).All rabbits were injected lipiodolvia the internal carotid artery(0.06 ml/kg).When lipiodol was found intracranially by CT scan,the model was considered to be successful.The rabbits were then injected with fat emulsions intravenously immediatedly following the CT and at intervals of 24 hours,for a total of 6 times(20 ml/kg).Subsequently,the experimental group of rabbits underwent head CT scan at that time and 144 hours later.The control group without treatment underwent head CT scan at the same time interval.The highest density of 0.01 cm2 was selected as region of interest and the CT value was measured.Comparison between the two groups at different times used repeated measurements of ANOVA.Same time points between the two groups were compared using the two independent-samplesttest.Changes of clinical symptoms were observed in rabbits.Results At 24,48,72,96,120 hours,144 hours post-treatment,the CT values of the ROI in the control group and the experimentalgroupwere(103.8 ±7.1),(91.0±4.2),(79.5 ±5.5),(67.8±6.6),(53.9±5.1),(39.9±3.1)HU respectively and(90.7-±5.4),(74.1±4.6),(62.9±4.5),(48.1±3.1),(39.1±1.3),(38.8± 1.2)HU respectively.The results of the repeated measurementsof ANOVA showed that the CT values difference of the two groups at different time was statistically significant(F=201.30,P＜0.01).The results of the two independent-samples t test showed that the CT values difference of 24 to 120 hours posttreatment of the two groups also was statistically significant(t=3.60,6.64,5.72,6.62,6.89,P＜0.05).After the intra-arterial injection of lipiodol,all animals had different degrees of stroke symptoms.Clinical symptoms disappeared earlier in the experimental group than the control group by 24 hours.Conclusion Fat emulsions can accelerate the intracranial lipiodolclearence.This study provides some theoretical basis for clinical treatment of cerebrallipiodol embolism.
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Objective To investigate whether uninduced autologous bone-marrow mononuclear cell (ABM-MNC) could survive and differentiate into myocardial cells and endothelial cells in the infarcted heart. Methods 40 male big-ear Japanese rabbits were divided into two groups randomly: the transplanted group (n=20) and the control group (n=20). The model of acute myocardial infarction was made by left anterior descending artery ligation, which was confirmed by ECG. The cardiac function was evaluated by the echocardiography. 7 days later, BrdU labeled ABM-MNCs were injected into infarcted and marginal area myocardium in the transplanted group, while the control rabbits were injected with saline. 6 weeks later, the hearts were harvested for histology and immunohistochemistry evaluation. Results In the transplanted group, viable cells labeled with BrdU could be identified in the infarcted area, and myocytes and endothelial cells labeled with BrdU can also be found in the border area, these cells demonstrate myogenic differentiation with the expression of α-Actin by immunostaining. Moreover, the vessel density of the transplanted group in the borders of the infarction was higher than the control group (P＜0. 05), but there was no difference in the infarcted areas between two groups (P＞0.05). At the 6 weeks after experiment, the cardiac function was improved in both groups, but the transplanted group improved more than that in the control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion Autologous bone-marrow mononuclear cells injected into the infarcted myocardium could survive in both the infarcted and the border areas, differentiated into endothelial cells and other cells which have obtained the characters of myocytes, and increase the vessel density in border area, improved the cardiac function.
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@#Objective To investigate whether uninduced autologous bone-marrow mononuclear cell (ABM-MNC) could survive and differentiate into myocardial cells and endothelial cells in the infarcted heart. Methods 40 male big-ear Japanese rabbits were divided into two groups randomly: the transplanted group (n=20) and the control group (n=20). The model of acute myocardial infarction was made by left anterior descending artery ligation, which was confirmed by ECG. The cardiac function was evaluated by the echocardiography. 7 days later, BrdU labeled ABM-MNCs were injected into infarcted and marginal area myocardium in the transplanted group, while the control rabbits were injected with saline. 6 weeks later, the hearts were harvested for histology and immunohistochemistry evaluation. Results In the transplanted group, viable cells labeled with BrdU could be identified in the infarcted area, and myocytes and endothelial cells labeled with BrdU can also be found in the border area, these cells demonstrate myogenic differentiation with the expression of α-Actin by immunostaining. Moreover, the vessel density of the transplanted group in the borders of the infarction was higher than the control group (P<0.05), but there was no difference in the infarcted areas between two groups (P>0.05). At the 6 weeks after experiment, the cardiac function was improved in both groups, but the transplanted group improved more than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Autologous bone-marrow mononuclear cells injected into the infarcted myocardium could survive in both the infarcted and the border areas, differentiated into endothelial cells and other cells which have obtained the characters of myocytes, and increase the vessel density in border area, improved the cardiac function.